Dr. History's Tales of the Old West 3d5k28

The Great Shoshone Nation ranged from Wyoming to Boise to Salt Lake and included Ute, Gosuit, Piute, Hopi, Comanche, Kiowa and the Aztec.They were hunters and gatherers, expert at basketry. Food included wild game and insects. Rabbit drives were for the skins which were used for clothing, blankets and saddle blankets. Tattooing and earrings were common. Horses were traded to the Shoshone by the Comanche and Kiowa and were considered the best horses. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

William W. Mayo immigrated in 1846, married and moved to Minnesota Territory. He was a surgeon in the Union Army in Rochester, Minnesota. In 1864 he opened his first medical practice. He was ed by both sons. They cared for survivors of a tornado, and with the help of Mother Alfred Moes and two hospitals formed the Mayo Clinic. Now, over 7,300 physicians and scientist, they saw 1.3 million patients in 2022. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

While picking berries, she was captured by Assiniboine raiders, dreaded enemy of the Shoshone. She was taken to Northeastern Montana. Given to a warrior as a second wife, she found the first wife intended to kill her, so she planned her escape. She hid in a hole in a riverbank for three days, then made her way over 1200 miles back to her family on the Raft River. She was the mother of Chief Pocatello. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Not all drivers were honorable. Some had partners rob their own stage, others died defending their engers. They were cramped, bored, lacked sleep, some even went crazy. Plenty of good food at times to poor quality if any. Buffalo hunters, scouts and adventurers could provide exciting stories. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

engers first sight of the Rocky Mountains was awe inspiring and scary. Drivers were king of the road, respected and ired. Through blinding snow storms, fog, flooded rivers and narrow mountain roads and robbers. Drivers had lots of stories if you were lucky enough to ride next to them. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Some miners found the work too hard. They found other ways to riches. Alexander Todd began the first mail service. Daniel Dancer used 150 mules to haul all the goods needed in the mining camps. James Burch started with an old ranch wagon to haul engers over roads that were nothing more than trails, eventually buying fine coaches and horses. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Easterners were desperate to get to the California gold fields. Questionable ships were put into service. The Drake age and the Strait of Magellan could be treacherous. Boredom, crowded quarters, storms and the poor food and water were tolerated as they engers had visions of striking it rich. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Disaster struck in 1871 as ships ventured farther North in search of whales. Ship's Captains ignored warnings from the Eskimos. The ice closed in and trapped 32 ships, three of them were crushed. Captains of the remaining 29 ships sent whaleboats sixty miles south to ask for help from ships that were safe. Leaving their ships, two hundred whaling boats made the dangerous journey and were rescued by the whaling ships waiting for them. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Whalers left New England for three to five years, sailed around South America, stopped in Honolulu on their way to the Bering Sea. Here they found whales, walruses and salmon. A whale could smash a whaling boat, but real danger came from the ice that could trap and crush a ship. Eskimos warned the whalers about getting trapped, but did they listen? Listen to part two next week. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

In 1519 a Spanish galleon brought ten stallions and six mares ashore, this would forever change the lives of the Native Americans. The tribes had distinct communities and customs with different languages, but they knew the universal sign language. The land was possessed in common as opposed to the European concept of land ownership. Over 350 treaties were made and broken. Thus began the saga of conflict with such famous Chiefs as Sitting Bull, Crazy Horse, Geronimo, Chief Joseph and many others. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Ranchers opposed, but then accepted barbed wire. Cattle and horses could be injured, but it was cheap. Two hundred mile "drift" fences would keep cattle from drifting North or South. In 1880 40,000 tons of wire was sold. Eventually there were 400 different types of barbed wire. The XIT ranch had 1500 miles of fence. Problems arose with armed "fence cutters" who usually went out at night. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Before fences, line riders were to keep cattle from wandering. Some ranchers spent thousands to build board fences to preserve their breeding stock. Joseph Glidden invented barbed wire. Ranchers were skeptical, but eventually accepted it as a less expensive way to control cattle. Trouble was coming. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Cattlemen discovered that the Northern Plains could raising cattle. Most winters cattle could survive on the nutritious grass. Immigrants on the Oregon Trail traded two worn out cattle for one healthy animal. Cattlemen wintered the worn-out animals in Montana, then returned with healthy cattle to trade with the immigrants. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Joe Justin started repairing boots, then making his own. His wife Annie developed a self-measuring kit for mail orders. John Stetson mass produced hats, “Boss of the Plains” was a favorite. Immigrant Levi Strauss imported clothing, he ed with Jacob Davis to use copper rivets to reinforce their pants, which became the “501.” Early tros were made of wool or canvas. Frontier dress with fringes was a part of western design. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Millions of acres of prairie was ideal for raising cattle. Richard King and John Chisum had the largest ranches with thousands of cattle and horses. New homesteaders lived in one room shacks or dugouts until they could build a proper ranch house. A ranch with a good water supply was essential. The rancher had to design his own brand and how to mark his cattle with a "wattle" and an earmark. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

The best known Kansas cattle towns were Abilene, Dodge City and Wichita. The towns boomed with the arrival of the herds. Cowboys were ready for new clothes, a hot bath and entertainment. Some lost their wages and headed back to Texas, most were wiser, moral and honest. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Sir Earnest Shackelton made three expeditions to the Antarctic. His ship, the Endurance, was crushed in the sea ice on his third voyage. He sailed to Elephant Island and left 22 of his men to shelter until he could make his way back. He sailed 800 miles in a small whaling boat to South Georgia Island to a whaling station. After four and a half months he was able to rescue his men left on Elephant Island. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

We had an amazing trip to Chile and on to King George Island in the Antarctic. Whales, seals, penguins and beautiful icebergs. We were in the area where Sir Earnest Shackleton’s crew spent time on Elephant Island before being rescued. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

After striking it rich in Virginia City, Montana, Story financed the first cattle drive from Texas to Montana in 1866. He faced all the dangers and struggles of moving cattle through Indian territory to bring Texas longhorns and Texas cowboys to the miners in Montana. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Obsidian Cliff in Yellowstone Park is the largest deposit of obsidian in North America. Native Americans have used this for thousands of years for scrapers, spears and arrow heads. More than two dozen tribes would peacefully gather obsidian in this war free zone. Pieces of this obsidian has been found as far as the East coast and central America. Knapping, the process of making arrow heads is still used today. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices